Java – Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values/multiple conditions. JAVA divides the operators in the following groups:
- Arithmetic operators
- Assignment operators
- Comparison operators
- The Bitwise Operators
- Logical operators
Arithmetic Operators
JAVA arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | Addition | x + y | Sum of x and y |
| – | Subtraction | x – y | Difference of x and y |
| * | Multiplication | x * y | Product of x and y |
| / | Division | x / y | Quotient of x and y |
| % | Modulus | x % y | Remainder of $x divided by $y |
| ** | Exponentiation | x ** y | Raising x to the y’th power |
Assignment Operators
The Java assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable. The basic assignment operator in java is “=”. It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.
| Assignment | Same as… | Description |
|---|---|---|
| x = y | x = y | The left operand the expression is equal to right |
| x += y | x = x + y | Addition |
| x -= y | x = x – y | Subtraction |
| x *= y | x = x * y | Multiplication |
| x /= y | x = x / y | Division |
| x %= y | x = x % y | Modulus |
Comparison Operators
The java comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| == | Equal | x == y | Returns true if x is equal to y |
| === | Identical | x === y | Returns true if x is equal to y, and they are of the same type |
| != | Not equal | x != y | Returns true if x is not equal to y |
| Not equal | x y | Returns true if $x is not equal to y | |
| !== | Not identical | x !== y | Returns true if x is not equal to y, or they are not of the same type |
| > | Greater than | x > y | Returns true if $x is greater than $y |
| Less than | x | Returns true if $x is less than $y | |
| >= | Greater than or equal to | x >= y | Returns true if x is greater than or equal to y |
| Less than or equal to | x | Returns true if x is less than or equal to y |
The Bitwise Operators
ThE Java have many bitwise operators such as integer types, long, int, short, char, and byte.
| Operator | Name | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| & | bitwise and | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | 0000 1100 |
| | | bitwise or | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | 0011 1101 |
| ^ | bitwise XOR | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | 0011 0001 |
| ~ | bitwise compliment | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of ‘flipping’ bits. | (~A ) will give -61 which is 1100 0011 in 2’s complement form due to a signed binary number. |
| left shift | The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | – | |
| >> | right shift | The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | – |
Logical Operators
The JAVA logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
| Operator | Name | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| and | And | x and y | True if both x and y are true |
| or | Or | x or y | True if either x or y is true |
| xor | Xor | x xor y | True if either x or y is true, but not both |
| && | And | x && y | True if both x and y are true |
| || | Or | x || y | True if either x or y is true |
| ! | Not | !x | True if x is not true |
Conditional Operator ( ? : )
Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions.
Syntax
variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false
Example
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int a, b;
a = 30;
b = (a == 1) ? 40: 50;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
b = (a == 30) ? 40: 50;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
} output
Value of b is : 50 Value of b is : 40
instanceof Operator
operator checks whether the object is of class type or interface type.
Syntax
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)
Example
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String name = "Jhon";
// following will return true since name is type of String
boolean result = name instanceof String;
System.out.println( result );
}
} Output
true