Archives for September 2021

ifenslave is a utility for attaching and detaching slave network devices to a bonding device. Bonding is putting multiple physical Ethernet devices into a single logical one, what is often termed as Link aggregation/Trunking/Link bundling. You can attach eth0, for example, to a bonding device bond0 by: # ifenslave bond0 eth0 The ifenslave utility belongs […]

The Linux kernel keeps track of network devices in the form of interfaces. Each interface is assigned a unique name, such as eth0, eth1, eth2, tr0, tr1, tr2, and so forth. The interface name is initially assigned by the device driver and kernel but may be overridden using ifrename. The ifrename utility can be used […]

The groupmod command is used to change the group’s own attributes. It will edit the /etc/group file for you. Modifications of the group might include changing its name or GID. Below are associated configuration files: /etc/group: Group account information. /etc/gshadow: Secure group account info. Syntax The syntax of the groupmod command is: # groupmod [options] […]

The groupadd command creates a group. By default, the group has no members and no passwords. In addition to creating a group with a friendly name, you can also specify a group ID using the -g option. Below are associated configuration files: /etc/group: Group account information. /etc/gshadow: Secure group account info. /etc/login.defs: Shadow password suite […]

The usermod command is used to modify settings for regular users. It edits the /etc/passwd file, avoiding the need for administrators to edit the file directly. There are many modifications an administrator can make to an existing user account. Syntax The syntax of the usermod command is: # usermod [options] {user name} usermod command options […]

Text-mode web browsers provide a quick way to check that a web server is working or to get information from a web server when a usable GUI isn’t available. The once-popular lynx text-based browser was supplanted in most Linux systems by the links or elinks browsers. To use a command-line browser, you need to install […]

The useradd command is used to create user accounts and configure basic settings. As part of the account creation process, useradd references several files: The account is stored in the /etc/passwd file. The account is configured according to various options set in the /etc/login.defs file. The account’s home directory is created at the /home/[account name] […]

The pwdx command prints the current working directory of a process. The current working directory of a process can be displayed using the pwdx command as shown below: You can also get the working directory of multuple process by specifying the PIDs on the same line. For example: # pwdx [pid01] [pid02] [pid03] … pwdx […]

In this article, we are going to study the “Linux Boot Process”. During the booting time of the Linux operating system, the boot process has to go through six basic stages. Boot Stage 1 BIOS Checks: When a Linux server or desktop or laptop booted, The processor goes for Basic Input/Output System or BIOS program […]